2024 Archives

Selecting the Optimal Energy Source

Samir S. Taneja, MD | Mar 2024

Samir S. Taneja, MD, compares the merits and limitations of the leading energy sources used in prostate focal ablation. The sources available for use in prostate ablation today include laser, electroporation, radiofrequency, photodynamic therapy, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), cryosurgery, drugs/toxins, radiations (focal/interstitial), surgery, steam, and gold nanoparticles.

Dr. Taneja outlines the ideal criteria for an energy source based on the individual characteristics of the patient and their disease, as well as real-world considerations like ease of use and insurance coverage. He gives examples of which energy sources are best-suited for certain cases based on disease presentation and other factors.

In a full focal therapy practice, the optimal situation would be one with multiple energy sources available so that physicians can tailor treatments to each individual patient. Since this saturation of options can be daunting to physicians just starting in a focal therapy program, Dr. Taneja advises practitioners to pick one energy source to practice at first, limiting patient selection to those with disease that is best-treated with that specific modality. After becoming proficient with that energy source, more can be added to increase candidate selection.

PI-RADS Standardization and Risk Assessment – Recent Advances and Future Plans

Clare Tempany, MB, BCh, BAO | Mar 2024

Clare Tempany, MB BCh BAO, gives an overview of the role that Prostate Imaging Reporting And Data System (PI-RADS) standardization plays in the treatment and detection of prostate cancer. She begins by giving a history of the RADS program, which is overseen by the American College of Radiation, and the objectives of RAD programs overall.

Dr. Tempany then goes into detail about the PI-RADS program and its specific objectives. She discusses the need to change and update existing RADS, highlighting the lack of consensus on two significant studies that would prompt such changes.

Dr. Tempany concludes by reviewing the technical specifications, clarifications in interpretation criteria and the role of Bi-Parametiric MRI in PI-RADS. She finishes her talk by going over possible research opportunities and other exciting future plans.

Managing the Man with Ejaculatory Dysfunction

Jesse N. Mills, MD | Mar 2024

Jesse N. Mills, MD, presents management strategies for men presenting with ejaculatory dysfunctions, ranging from premature ejaculation to ejaculodynia. He begins by acknowledging that there is no current FDA-approved treatment specifically for any kind of ejaculatory dysfunction.

Dr. Mills then separates men presenting with ejaculatory dysfunction into distinct categories based on the symptom they are experiencing, and follow-up questions to ask these patients. These five main groups are Premature Ejaculation, Delayed Ejaculation, Anejaculation, Ejaculodynia, and Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome.

Throughout the presentation, Dr. Mills discusses each category of dysfunction and available treatment options. He concludes by highlighting the need for further study of post-orgasmic illness syndrome.

The Who and Why of Focal Therapies

Abhinav Sidana, MD, MPH, FACS | Mar 2024

Abhinav Sidana, MD, MPH, discusses the selection processes, objectives, and data supporting the use of focal therapy to treat prostate cancer. He begins with an overview of the state of focal therapy, and how it can be used to provide more personalized prostate cancer treatment to patients.

Dr. Sidana then compares the weaknesses of focal therapy to those of radical surgery and surveillance. He notes that while focal therapy has been criticized for its shortcomings in addressing “invisible” and multifocal cancers, radical surgery has permanent negative effects on patient QOL and that many patients on active surveillance drop out after a certain length of time.

Dr. Sidana then addresses recent advances in focal therapy which can partially mitigate some of the shortcomings of focal therapy. He focuses on advancements in MRI accuracy and specificity which makes treating multifocal and previously invisible clinically significant cancers using focal therapy effective.

Dr. Sidana concludes by outlining strategies for patient selection for focal therapy. He presents examples of ideal patient and disease characteristics for focal therapy treatment and lists relevant contraindications.

Active Surveillance of Renal Mass

Frances M. Alba, MD | Mar 2024

Frances M. Alba, MD, discusses the benefits of active surveillance of small renal masses (SRM) as a treatment option. Dr. Alba begins by presenting data that most SRM have low or very low malignant potential. Despite this, SRM are removed routinely without preoperative pathologic diagnosis and Dr. Alba asserts this raises the question of significant overtreatment.

Dr. Alba then addresses metastasis, explaining that risk of metastases is exceedingly low for SRM. She describes a prediction calculator to support personalized-treatment selection and explains that regardless of treatment, the vast majority of patients will die of other causes. She emphasizes overall survival is influenced by patient risk factors.

Dr. Alba addresses quality-of-life issues for patients being treated with active surveillance, including the impact of illness uncertainty. She covers trends in active surveillance before outlining her recommendations, suggesting an initial period of six months to establish a trend. She advises asking patients about fears, concerns, and life events. She points out that active surveillance can be used to delay intervention in patients with competing medical or life issues and delayed intervention is safe.

Dr. Alba concludes by emphasizing that active surveillance is the ultimate nephron-sparing management modality and patients can be managed conservatively with serial imaging. Dr. Alba reminds practitioners that intervention for SRM imposes physical, emotional, mental, and financial burdens on patients and families, and that active surveillance can alleviate many of these concerns.