2021

Urologic Perspective on the Clinical Utility of and Emerging Data on Micro-Ultrasound

In part 2 of a 2-part series on micro-ultrasound for prostate cancer imaging, Rafael Sanchez-Salas, MD, Associate Professor of Urology at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, reviews data on micro-ultrasound (microUS) from a urologic perspective, comparing it to MRI in order to evaluate its clinical utility. He explains that there is more and more data suggesting microUS’s superiority to multiparametric (mp)MRI in screening and the benefits of using it in addition to MRI in clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Dr. Sanchez-Salas discusses microUS’s comparable detection rates to mpMRI as shown by a balanced forest plot with ratios ranging between .94 and 1.05 and its ability to help 23% of patients avoid biopsy with no cases of missed csPCa. He then looks at a study testing a proposed protocol for assessing risk based on microUS which showed a much higher sensitivity than mpMRI in microUS of 87.5% vs. 55-61% but lower specificity of 80% vs. 87-88%. Dr. Sanchez-Salas states that there are still several questions to be answered about microUS’s utility on its own, during active surveillance, for focal therapy, and for bladder cancer staging. He concludes with a discussion of the OPTIMUM trial, which will conclude in spring of 2023 and which is meant to provide level-1 evidence regarding the use of microUS in prostate biopsy.

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Radiologic Perspective on the Clinical Utility of and Emerging Data on Micro-Ultrasound

In part 1 of a 2-part series on micro-ultrasound for prostate cancer imaging, Sangeet Ghai, MD, FRCR, Deputy Chief of Research and Associate Professor in the Joint Department of Medical Imaging (JDMI) at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada, considers micro-ultrasound and data evaluating its ability to produce better results than conventional imaging from a radiologic perspective. He explains that micro-ultrasound is a system that functions on a higher frequency than conventional options and uses the PRIMUS protocol, a prostate risk identification system similar to PIRADS. Dr. Ghai states that micro-ultrasound has been shown to increase detection rates by 12%, have sensitivity as high as 91%, and find cancer that was missed by MRI. He also discusses data comparing micro-ultrasound to other imaging modalities that shows that micro-ultrasound can find 1.05 times as much grade group 2 and higher disease as multiparametric MRI and has a 14.6% higher detection rate than robotic elastic fusion. Dr. Ghai concludes by reviewing data looking at micro-ultrasound visibility of MRI lesions and real-time targeting showing that 90% of MRI lesions were visible on micro-ultrasound and that 61% of those harbored clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) on targeted biopsy, that 43% of MRI lesions were retrospectively visible on TRUS and that 58% of those harbored csPCa, and that 24% of micro-ultrasound lesions with normal MRI were positive for csPCa.

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Negotiating Pay for Call Contracts with Hospitals

Evan R. Goldfischer, MD, MBA, FACS, urologist and Director of the Research Department at Premier Medical Group in Poughkeepsie, New York, discusses hospital service line agreements and the process of negotiating beneficial pay for call contracts. He begins by explaining physician health system alignment and how alignment can look different depending on how much autonomy a physician desires. Dr. Goldfischer explains that hospitals want to partner with urologists because they need urologic specialization for a wide variety of patients and do not know how to effectively manage service lines, and that urologists should desire partnership because it reduces the incentive for internal urology departments and gives urologists the opportunity to improve the condition of their practice. He also states that there is a great deal of benefit to patients due to access to well-trained and educated specialists. Dr. Goldfischer also describes how call coverage and quality improvement service arrangements function to benefit a hospital, and outlines the call coverage responsibilities, including 24/7 coverage 365 days a year, unassigned inpatients, daily rounds, and more. He then details call coverage compensation in terms of flat fee coverage. Dr. Goldfischer explains the variables involved in deciding flat fees such as extent of burden, extent of treatment, fair market value, and probability of providing uncompensated care. He details quality based payment strategies and how to collect evidence on the positive changes a physician has made as part of a hospital as a way to prove value. Dr. Goldfischer concludes by stating that physicians understand their specialty and should be compensated for achieving higher quality work and lower costs.

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MRI: Can It Be Used to Plan Ablative Therapies?

Robert E. Reiter, MD, the Bing Professor of Urology and Molecular Biology and Director of the Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research Program at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, discusses and evaluates MRI in terms of its ability to select patients for and help plan ablative therapies. He begins with an evaluation of MRI’s capabilities in patient selection. Dr. Reiter cites a study on multiparametric (mp)MRI detection of prostate cancer (PCa) foci that found mpMRI was capable of missing 20-30% of significant tumors. He also discusses a study of systematic and targeted biopsies concordance, finding that there was non-concordance in 36.1% of cases. Dr. Reiter cites a third study that found that 48% of MRI-selected candidates for hemiablation were actually ineligible for prostatectomy. He continues with a discussion of using MRI for targeting PCa adequately for complete ablation. Dr. Reiter reviews a study on mpMRI and predicting pathological tumor size, finding that MRI was less useful for smaller lesions but was quite effective for larger and higher-grade tumors. He suggests that MRI is not particularly useful for predicting tumor distance from the urethra based on one study that suggests that finding tumors near the urethra is important due to about 66% of PCa tumors being within 5 mm of the urethra, and another study finding that MRI fails to detect many tumors near the urethra based on an AUC curve. Dr. Reiter concludes that MRI can aid patient selection and planning but has multiple shortcomings that need to be accounted for.

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