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2024

The Who and Why of Focal Therapies

The Who and Why of Focal Therapies

Posted by | Mar 2024

Abhinav Sidana, MD, MPH, discusses the selection processes, objectives, and data supporting the use of focal therapy to treat prostate cancer. He begins with an overview of the state of focal therapy, and how it can be used to provide more personalized prostate cancer treatment to patients.

Dr. Sidana then compares the weaknesses of focal therapy to those of radical surgery and surveillance. He notes that while focal therapy has been criticized for its shortcomings in addressing “invisible” and multifocal cancers, radical surgery has permanent negative effects on patient QOL and that many patients on active surveillance drop out after a certain length of time.

Dr. Sidana then addresses recent advances in focal therapy which can partially mitigate some of the shortcomings of focal therapy. He focuses on advancements in MRI accuracy and specificity which makes treating multifocal and previously invisible clinically significant cancers using focal therapy effective.

Dr. Sidana concludes by outlining strategies for patient selection for focal therapy. He presents examples of ideal patient and disease characteristics for focal therapy treatment and lists relevant contraindications.

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Active Surveillance of Renal Mass

Active Surveillance of Renal Mass

Posted by | Mar 2024

Frances M. Alba, MD, discusses the benefits of active surveillance of small renal masses (SRM) as a treatment option. Dr. Alba begins by presenting data that most SRM have low or very low malignant potential. Despite this, SRM are removed routinely without preoperative pathologic diagnosis and Dr. Alba asserts this raises the question of significant overtreatment.

Dr. Alba then addresses metastasis, explaining that risk of metastases is exceedingly low for SRM. She describes a prediction calculator to support personalized-treatment selection and explains that regardless of treatment, the vast majority of patients will die of other causes. She emphasizes overall survival is influenced by patient risk factors.

Dr. Alba addresses quality-of-life issues for patients being treated with active surveillance, including the impact of illness uncertainty. She covers trends in active surveillance before outlining her recommendations, suggesting an initial period of six months to establish a trend. She advises asking patients about fears, concerns, and life events. She points out that active surveillance can be used to delay intervention in patients with competing medical or life issues and delayed intervention is safe.

Dr. Alba concludes by emphasizing that active surveillance is the ultimate nephron-sparing management modality and patients can be managed conservatively with serial imaging. Dr. Alba reminds practitioners that intervention for SRM imposes physical, emotional, mental, and financial burdens on patients and families, and that active surveillance can alleviate many of these concerns.

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Conquering the Curve in Peyronie’s Disease

Conquering the Curve in Peyronie’s Disease

Posted by | Mar 2024

Ryan P. Terlecki, MD, FACS, discusses risks and benefits of Peyronie’s disease treatments, advocating for surgery as a definitive treatment. Dr. Terlecki asserts the condition is poorly understood with a “lot of garbage” in print and online. (e.g., advice not to operate early on, assumptions the injury is from tunical damage, and problematic data on intralesional injections).

From a treatment standpoint, Dr. Terlecki addresses treatment dogma he sees as problematic. He debunks claims for various treatments, like vitamin E, colchicine, Xiaflex, and pentoxifylline, and makes a case against extracorporeal shock wave therapy.

Dr. Terlecki addresses surgery and explains that, for patients with adequate rigidity, plication or grafting is effective. However, patients with inadequate function require inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) and curvature correction. He cautions against degloving, tunical excision, and plicating for implant cases.

Dr. Terlecki concludes that Peyronie’s patients are often distressed and need clear communication and a realistic understanding of treatment risks and benefits. He calls surgery the gold standard, and says plication should be considered first for potent patients without complex defects.

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Point Counterpoint: Micro Ultrasound

Point Counterpoint: Micro Ultrasound

Posted by | Mar 2024

Gerald L. Andriole, Jr., MD, presents the benefits of including micro ultrasound (microUS) in prostate imaging. He begins by noting that microUS is a relatively new technology compared to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI).

Dr. Andriole presents examples of the detailed prostate images produced by microUS. He discusses the Prostate Risk Identification using MicroUltraSound (PRIMUS) classification system, intended as an analog to PRI-RADS, and the training required for practitioners using microsUS. He presents video examples of microUS-guided versus MRI-guided biopsies.

He concludes by comparing the specificity, sensitivity, and NPV of mpMRI and microUS biopsies in identifying clinically significant cancer. He presents recent studies which indicate that microUS alone may be as effective as mpMRI alone in the context of biopsies.

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Point Counterpoint: MRI

Point Counterpoint: MRI

Posted by | Mar 2024

Thomas P. Frye, DO, argues in favor of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) over micro ultrasound (MicroUS) for prostate imaging. He begins by stating the underlying goals of prostate imaging in the context of triaging in urologic oncology.

Dr. Frye then turns to the lack of data in support of microUS over mpMRI. He highlights that prostate imaging from MicroUS lacks the scale and reliable interpretability of mpMRI.

Dr. Frye supports the effectiveness of mpMRI in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer with data from the PROMIS and PRECISION studies. He notes that the use of mpMRI in screening can prevent unnecessary biopsies of insignificant cancers.

He concludes by reviewing weaknesses in recent studies of mircoUS. He presents a clinical analysis of microUS which demonstrated the superiority of conventional imaging (TRUS) and mpMRI over microUS.

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