Video Archives

Caring for Underserved and Vulnerable Populations for Over 23 Years

Posted by Fernando J. Kim, MD, MBA, FACS | May 2023

Fernando Kim, MD, MBA, FACS, Chief Emeritus of Urology at Denver Health Medical Center and Professor of Surgery/Urology at the University of Colorado at Denver, shares insights gathered from his more than 23 years of caring for underserved and vulnerable populations. Dr. Kim describes some of the needs and characteristics of these populations, and gives examples of the traumatic experiences to which those populations are regularly exposed. He also emphasizes the importance of physicians understanding their patients’ cultures, communication styles, and needs so that they can effectively treat those patients.

He addresses time constraints for patients who cannot afford to be out of work, and how developing a minimally-invasive practice can help support those patients. He cites disparate oncological profiles along demographic lines, as well as research that supports multiple factors influencing patient treatment selection. For example, he explains that, especially for African-American men, the less invasive nature of cryoablation appeared to influence opinions regarding surgery for the treatment of localized prostate cancer.

Dr. Kim cites another study that reaffirms the importance in health disparities research of modeling interactions between race/ethnicity and variables that reflect diverse aspects of a patient’s socioeconomic circumstances, since the research showed that doctors’ treatment recommendations were less aggressive for poor or indigent populations. He concludes by reemphasizing the importance of empathy, cultural humility, and understanding when working with vulnerable and underserved communities.

Sildenafil: 25 Years Later

Posted by E. David Crawford, MD | May 2023

25 years after the FDA approval of sildenafil, Dr. Hirsch, Dr. Rosen, and Dr. Goldstein reflect on the past and future of PDE5 inhibitors.

Prostate Microultrasound

Posted by Gerald L. Andriole, Jr., MD | May 2023

Gerald L. Andriole, Jr., MD, Director of Urology in the National Capital Region at the Brady Urologic Institute at Johns Hopkins University, discusses the uses of microultrasound in prostate assessment using the PRIMUS (Prostate Risk Identification using Micro-UltraSound) protocol, which allows most prostate ducts to be visualized and tissue patterns appreciated. He compares the accuracy of PRIMUS to its conventional analog, PRIMAD. Dr. Andriole cites research that suggests novice mircroultrasound practitioners can become adept at interpreting images and identifying lesions after as few as 30-40 scans.

He compares images and biopsy results from conventional ultrasound, microultrasound, and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) to illustrate the accuracy of microultrasound. Dr. Andriole also shares data that supports the use of systematic biopsy, micro-ultrasound targeted biopsy, and MRI together to identify the greatest proportion of clinically significant prostate cancer. However, Dr. Andriole concludes that while microultrasound is a promising tool for future identification of prostate risk, current studies like the OPTIMUM trial have yet to determine whether it can fully replace conventional diagnostic MRIs.

Vitamin D and Men’s Health

Posted by Mark A. Moyad, MD, MPH | May 2023

Mark A. Moyad, MD, MPH, the Jenkins/Pokempner Director of Preventive/Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in the Department of Urology at the University of Michigan Medical Center in Ann Arbor, Michigan, presents on the current status of vitamin D in men’s health. While randomized trials have shown limited benefits in major endpoints, such as preventing cardiovascular disease and cancer, there is a significant signal indicating the potential of vitamin D in autoimmune disease prevention. He discusses exciting findings from the VITAL trial suggesting that a moderate dose of vitamin D may reduce the risk of autoimmune disease. Additionally, individuals with a healthy BMI and those at high risk for bone loss could potentially benefit more from vitamin D supplementation. Dr. Moyad emphasizes the importance of understanding the limitations of vitamin D blood tests and suggests that targeted screening is recommended for specific groups. Overall, he says, fortification and supplementation of vitamin D remain safe and cost-effective strategies for improving men’s health.

Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Therapy?

Posted by Parminder Singh, MD | May 2023

Parminder Singh, MD, Assistant Professor of Hematology and Oncology at Mayo Clinic in Phoenix, Arizona, discusses the future of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in this 14-minute talk. Two large trials–one SWOG trial from 2003 evaluating methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) prior to cystectomy, and an international trial reporting on cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine (CMV) prior to cystectomy or radiation–both famously showed improved survival in MIBC patients. Because of this data, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) became the gold standard for care. Since then, research in this area has focused on fine-tuning drug options and patient selection under the NAC framework, such as evaluating MVAC versus gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC), options for cisplatin-ineligible patients, and how pathological responses to NAC affect survival. However, Singh suggests this space of MIBC management is ready to move into a new chapter due to antibody-drug conjugates. The current data about these emerging drugs is promising. There is evidence that patients who priorly did not respond to chemotherapy had improvements in overall survival with enfortumab vedotin (EV). Currently, there is a mock trial comparing EV, pembrolizumab, and GC in cisplatin ineligible patients at the Mayo Clinic. Singh is optimistic EV and pembrolizumab may be able to replace cisplatin for those who are ineligible in the future.