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2024

PET Tumor Board: Case #4

In this discussion, E. David Crawford, MD, Professor of Urology and Jack A. Vickers Director of Prostate Research at the University of California, San Diego, leads a discussion of the case study of a healthy 80-year-old male with a history of BPH presenting with a rapid rise of PSA from a PSA of 3-4 ng/ml to 9.7 ng/ml and increased urgency and perception of difficulty fully voiding. He presents this case study to a panel of experts comprised of:
Wayne G. Brisbane, MD – Assistant Professor of Urology at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Phillip J. Koo, MD – Division Chief of Diagnostic Imaging and Northwest Region Oncology Physician Executive at the Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center.
Daniel P. Petrylak, MD – Director of Genitourinary Oncology, Professor of Medicine and Urology, Co-Leader of Cancer Signaling Networks, and Co-Director of the Signal Transduction Program at Yale University Cancer Center in New Haven, Connecticut.
After revealing that the patient had a PSA of 7.2 ng/ml after a 4-week course of Cipro, Dr. Crawford tells the panel that his recommendation was for the patient to undergo an mpMRI, with possible biopsies. This revealed that the patient had a 65g prostate with a PI-RADS 5 lesion, and several suspicious pelvic nodes. After 12 core biopsies, each core had a Gleason Score of 4 or 5.
Dr. Crawford then asks the panel to weigh in on the next steps for imaging for the patient. Dr. Petrylak and Dr. Koo both recommend PSMA PET scanning over bone scans as the appropriate next step.
Dr. Crawford presents the results of the patient’s PSMA PET scan, which revealed extensive skeletal disease, to the panel. Dr. Petrylak recommends ADT, and debates the use of doublet or triplet therapy for the patient. Dr. Brisbane points out that the patient’s PSA level does not necessarily reflect the burden of disease, and Dr. Petrylak agrees.
Finally, the panel discusses the possibility of using PSMA PET scan for the primary. The panel is ambivalent, citing the lack of long-term data supporting its use in the primary.
This is the fourth in a series of discussions on PSMA PET supported by Blue Earth Diagnostics. For the first installment, click here. For the second installment, click here. For the third installment, click here.

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Complications of Focal Therapy – Risk Factors, Timepoints, Management

Arvin K. George, MD, examines common complications from the use of focal therapy to treat prostate cancer and explores management strategies. In this presentation, he discusses the causes and management strategies for possible complications resulting from focal therapy, including:

Continence
Erectile and Sexual Dysfunction
Prostatic Abscesses
Rectourethral Fistulas
Urethral Sloughing
Urethral Strictures
Urinary Retention
Venous Thromboembolisms

Dr. George concludes by comparing the risks and benefits of focal therapy to those of HIFU and Cryoablation. He holds a Q+A session with the audience after his initial presentation.

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Artificial Intelligence and Extended Reality for Urology Training

Nelson N. Stone, MD, explores the possible applications and current roadblocks of artificial intelligence (AI) and extended reality (XR) for urological training. He begins by outlining the need for more efficient methods of training urologists than training them exclusively on-site.

Dr. Stone discusses issues in traditional surgical training. He notes that the lack of proctors and the OR training model of “education by random opportunity” are not efficient methodologies.

Dr. Stone then outlines a theoretical model, called “Educational System for Instructorless Training” (ESIST), which incorporates XR and AI as an augmentation to proctor guidance during residency training. He acknowledges that neither XR or AI is at the point where they can replace proctors during residency training.

Dr. Stone concludes by presenting a video demonstration of what an ESIST program would look like in practice on a prostate phantom. After the demonstration, he encourages the audience to learn more about advancements in training at the 27th Annual Prostate Cancer Symposium, and conducting a brief Q+A with the audience.

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The Importance of Diagnosing and Treating Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer and ADT Usage

Dr. Marc Garnick explores the diagnosis and treatment of oligometastatic prostate cancer with the strategic use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Advanced imaging techniques are essential for identifying oligometastatic disease, such as PET scans and advanced MRI. These technologies enhance the precision of detecting small metastatic lesions, facilitating timely and appropriate treatment decisions. By reducing androgen levels that fuel prostate cancer growth, the strategic use of ADT not only helps in controlling the primary tumor but also in managing metastatic lesions, thereby extending the therapeutic window and improving overall survival rates.
Dr. Garnick also addresses the timing and duration of ADT in the context of oligometastatic prostate cancer. He highlights individualized treatment plans based on patient-specific factors, including the extent of disease, patient health status, and response to initial therapies. This personalized approach ensures that patients receive the most effective treatment while minimizing potential side effects associated with prolonged ADT usage.

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International, Multi-Disciplinary Consensus on Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer

Silke Gillessen, MD analyzes the international, multi-disciplinary consensus on the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, emphasizing the collaborative efforts of experts from various medical fields. She highlights the critical importance of integrating diverse perspectives to develop effective treatment protocols.

The consensus process involves an extensive review of clinical data, expert opinions, and patient outcomes, ensuring that the recommendations are evidence-based and practical. Dr. Gillessen discusses key areas of agreement for treatment, including hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and novel targeted therapies.

Dr. Gillessen highlights the potential of new treatment modalities, such as PARP inhibitors and immunotherapies. Moreover, she advocates for treatment plans tailored to individual patient profiles, taking into account genetic, molecular, and clinical factors. This approach aims to enhance treatment efficacy and minimize adverse effects, aligning with the principles of precision oncology.

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