Leonard G. Gomella, MD, FACS, discusses the highly thrombogenic nature of bladder cancer and the burden of thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. He then reviews optimal methods and duration of prophylaxis to reduce the risk of these complications.
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Seth P. Lerner, MD, provides an overview of T1 bladder cancer staging and treatment, emphasizing the importance of re-TUR. He then discusses when to offer radical cystectomy or BCG, and options for patients who have failed BCG.
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Daniel P. Petrylak, MD, discusses current evidence on various pathways to target when treating metastatic urothelial cancer. He reviews agents targeting the FGFR-3 and VEGF pathways, as well as two new monoclonal antibodies, enfortumab vedotin and sacituzumab govitecan.
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Sanjay G. Patel, MD, defines challenges in the detection and surveillance of bladder cancer when using FDA-approved biomarkers. He then evaluates newer DNA methylation- , DNA mutations- , and mRNA-based biomarkers and their ability to account for the limitations of traditional markers.
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Daniel P. Petrylak, MD, reviews data regarding currently-approved immunotherapy agents for bladder cancer in first- and second-line settings. He advocates for future research regarding immunotherapy-based combinations, as well as investigating immunotherapy in earlier stages of the disease.
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